TYPES OF SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN
1.
Learning Disabilities - Children with learning
disabilities struggle with specific academic skills like reading (dyslexia),
writing (dysgraphia), or math (dyscalculia). These difficulties are not due to
intellectual disabilities or lack of opportunities but rather differences in
how their brains process information.
2.
Intellectual Disabilities - Children with intellectual
disabilities have limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviours.
This can range from mild to severe and affects their learning and everyday life
skills.
3.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - includes a range of
conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviours,
speech, and nonverbal communication. It's a spectrum disorder, meaning it
varies widely in presentation and severity among individuals.
4.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) - Children with ADHD may have
difficulty paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviours, or being overly
active. They might struggle with focusing in school and completing tasks.
5.
Emotional Behavioural Disorders- This includes a broad range of
conditions where children have difficulties managing their emotions or behaviours.
It might manifest as anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, or
conduct disorders.
6.
Physical Disabilities -Some children have physical
disabilities that affect mobility or physical functioning. This might include
conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, which impact movement and
muscle coordination.
7.
Sensory Impairments - Children who are blind or
visually impaired, deaf or hard of hearing, or have other sensory processing
disorders require specialized educational support tailored to their sensory
needs.
8.
Speech and Language Disorders - These children have
difficulties with speech and language development, affecting their ability to
communicate effectively
9. Visual or Hearing Impairments - Children with visual impairments or hearing impairments may require specialized education and support to accommodate their sensory needs.
10. Multiple Disabilities - Some children may have multiple disabilities, which can involve a combination of physical, cognitive, sensory, or behavioural challenges.
11. Gifted children - Gifted children often
require specialized attention within the realm of education. While
"special education" typically focuses on addressing the needs of
students with learning challenges or disabilities, gifted education falls under
a different category but can still involve specialized programming.
Each child's needs are unique, and special education
programs aim to address these needs through individualized education plans
(IEPs) that cater to their specific challenges and strengths. The goal is to
provide appropriate support and accommodations to help them learn and thrive in
academic setting as beyond.
